This leads to intravoxel dephasing, signal loss, and inaccurate ADC measurements. compensated (M =M =0) gradient waveforms to null the intravoxel phase

Efficient and Accurate Bloch-based Simulation of Intra-voxel Dephasing using Multiple Isochomats and Magnetization Spatial Gradients Zhipeng Cao 1, Christopher T. Sica, Giuseppe Carluccio 2, and Christopher M. Collins

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. A technique is proposed to compensate for the slice dephasing artifact and improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of gradient-echo images. In MRI, intravoxel dephasing causes signal loss in regions of magnetic field inhomogeneity and at interfaces of tissues having different magnetic susceptibilities. In MRA, signal loss due to intravoxel dephasing also occurs when nuclei having different velocities are present in the same voxel. The cause of intravoxel dephasing is not yet well understood. This phenomenon is due to the spin dephasing when the voxel size is comparable to the residual lumen at level of stenosis ( 7 ). In addition to, previous studies were explained that turbulent flow in the axilla area of a small vessel may cause an intravoxel dephasing, especially at a broad bifurcation angle ( 8 , 9 ).

Intravoxel dephasing

The cause of intravoxel dephasing is not yet well understood. This phenomenon is due to the spin dephasing when the voxel size is comparable to the residual lumen at level of stenosis ( 7 ). In addition to, previous studies were explained that turbulent flow in the axilla area of a small vessel may cause an intravoxel dephasing, especially at a broad bifurcation angle ( 8 , 9 ). (1999) Chen, Wyrwicz. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. A technique is proposed to compensate for the slice dephasing artifact and improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of gradient-echo images.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Experiments were performed with a 0.2 T magnet on a network of small interacting air-filled cylinders along with Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) simulations integrating intravoxel dephasing. Signal decay over echo time was assessed at different pixel sizes on real and simulated images.

In turbulent flow states, the magnitude of the ID increases. Through-slice dephasing is highly effective in suppressing eddy current induced artifacts in bSSFP imaging. Considering these artifacts appear substantial in Cart-GR and random PE scans, they are most likely caused by the zero order (spatially independent) EC field yielding an off-resonance shift over time.

The refocusing mechanism fails if intravoxel dephasing exceeds over ±180º manifest by band-like artifacts. During the last decade modern scanners have overcome these limitations making bSSFP a viable and useful sequence on most mid- and high-field systems.

Intravoxel dephasing, leading to signal phase cancellation in the voxel, can be quantified by T2* relaxation measurements. Intervoxel dephasing can be characterized by the standard deviation of the phase image histogram.

intravoxel dephasing: ( in'tră-voks'ĕl dē-fāz'ing ) Phase difference between flow and stationary nuclei in a voxel.
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/ Aletras, Anthony; Arai, A E. In: Journal of Magnetic Resonance, Vol. 169, No. 2, 2004, p. 246-249 meta-DENSE complex acquisition for reduced intravoxel dephasing. Aletras, Anthony LU and Arai, A E In Journal of Magnetic Resonance 169 (2). p.246-249. Mark The resultant intravoxel dephasing is a classic T2*-shortening effect most prominent near larger veins and accentuated by use of GRE sequences with echo times (TEs) close to T2*. The effect scales linearly with field strength (Bo) and is the dominant mechanism for BOLD contrast at 1.5T.

In Section III, we demonstrate these distortions experimentally, comparing gradient maps taken at different slice thicknesses and offsets, which show good agreement with the analytical expression. A technique is proposed to compensate for the slice dephasing artifact and improve the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of gradient‐echo images. This method is composed of two components: mapping of the internal gradient and design of the slice‐selective radiofrequency (RF) pulse. The RF pulse is designed with its phase response as the negative of the product of a chosen echo time and the At very low diffusion weighting the diffusion MRI signal is affected by intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) caused by dephasing of magnetization due to incoherent blood flow in capillaries or other sources of microcirculation.
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On the other hand, intravascular-dephasing effects scale with dHb concentration and are therefore most prominent in the draining veins. Both of these mechanisms of BOLD contrast are expected to contribute to the gradient-echo (GE) BOLD signal, while the static-dephasing mechanism makes effectively no contribution to the spin-echo (SE) BOLD signal, which is primarily sensitive to intravascular dephasing.

swedish website; Menu. Home; International Admissions. Why study at Lund University rephasing gradient (red oval), leading to a small amount of intravoxel dephasing that eliminates the effects of rapidly fluctuating gradient fields.

3D TOF CE-MRA has improved spatial resolution, less saturation effects and intravoxel dephasing, and better evaluation of aneurysm lumen. With this technique,

Another cause of dephasing is intravoxel dephasing. Because of laminar flow, different velocities may exist within a voxel, thus leading to phase dispersion (incoherence) and signal loss. How to decrease intravoxel dephasing and increase SNR: Materials and methods Experiments were performed with a 0.2T magnet on a network of small interacting air-filled cylinders along with Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) simulations integrating intravoxel dephasing. Signal decay over echo time was assessed at different pixel sizes on real and simulated images. The main effect of such macroscopic field inhomogeneities is the intravoxel dephasing that can cause significant signal losses, mainly for inhomogeneities in the slice direction (see Section 2.2.1 and Figure 2.2.3), which is a particular problem in the human spinal cord (see Section 2.2.2 and Figure 2.2.10). Each cylinder contributed to the intravoxel dephasing and associated signal loss occurring in the ROI ROI MGL decay on simulated and experimental images for the network of air-filled cylinders. Intravoxel Dephasing due to Wave Gradients.

During the last decade modern scanners have overcome these limitations making bSSFP a viable and useful sequence on most mid- and high-field systems. Start Forskningsoutput meta-DENSE complex acquisition for reduced intravoxel dephas meta-DENSE complex acquisition for reduced intravoxel dephasing. Signal loss due to flow is induced via intravoxel dephasing which, according to Eq. 1, is dependent on velocity profile and m1. For a certain velocity profile, the flow suppression capability of FSD-preparation is determined by m1. Haacke et al. (25) presented a mathematical description of the signal loss induced by FSD intravoxel dephasing effect is mainly along the slice selec-tion direction and is termed the slice dephasing artifact. Shimmingcangenerallyreducethemagneticfieldinhomo-geneity.